Basic
Commands
# cat > (filename) press enter --- It will create file.
After pressing enter, type text, press enter
Now press Ctrl +D to save and quit.
# cat (filename) press enter --- It will show contents of file.
#touch (filename) press enter --- It will create Empty file.
#mkdir (foldername) press enter --- It will
create Folder.
#ls press enter ---show the list of file and
folders.
Black color =Normal file
Blue color =Folder name
Green color =Executable file(Script)
Red color =zip, compress files, .rpm (Redhat
package manager)
#ls –l press enter --- It shows files and
folders with detail.
#rm (filename) press enter ---To remove file.
#rm –f(filename) press enter ---To remove
file forcefully.
#rmdir (foldername) press enter ---To remove
the Empty Folder.
#rm –r (foldername) press enter ---To remove
folder.
#rm –rf (foldername) press enter ---To remove
folder forcefully.
#date press enter ---To show date.
#cal (year) press enter ---It will show the
year calendar.
#touch .(filename) press enter ---It will
hide the file.
#ls –a press enter ---It will show hidden
files.
#ls –al press enter ---It will show list of
hidden files.
#mv (old filename) (new filename) press
enter ---It will change the file name.
#mv . old filename) (new filename) press
enter ---It will unhide and change the
name of file.
#cd (filename) press enter ---To go into any folder or file.
#cd .. press enter ---To come out of Folder.
#cd press enter ---It will Directly to root
directory.
#Clear or #reset press enter ---It will clear
the desktop screen.
#history press enter ---To check commands
which were run, up to 1000 commands.
#!! Press enter ---To repeat last line.
#!(history
command number) press enter ---It will run the command from history.
#history –c press enter ---It will clear
history.
#man command name like
#man ls press enter or #info ls press enter
---It will show help option for ls command.
#whatis ls press enter --- It will show help
option for ls command
#history | less press enter ---To see history
page by page.
#head (filename) press enter ---It will show
top 10 lines.
#head –n 2 (filename) press enter ---It shows
top 2 lines.
#tail (filename) press enter ---It will shows
last 10 lines.
#tail –n 2 (filename) press enter ---It will
show last 2 lines.
#wc (filename) press enter ---It will show
number of lines, words and character in file.
#wc –l (filename) press enter ---It will
shows number of linen in file.
#wc –w (filename) press enter ---It will show
number of words in file.
#wc –c (filename) press enter ---It will show
number of character in file.
#chvt 2,3,4,5,6 press enter ---It will open
the new terminal.
#tty press enter ---To check in which
terminal we are in.
Reboot commands:
#reboot
#reboot –f
#Init 6
#shutdown –r now
Poweroff Commands:
#poweroff
#poweroff –f
#init 0
#shutdown –n now
If we have install the basic server and we
want the GUI interface so, we have run the following commands:
#startx
#gdm
#init 5
To check how many users are logged in.
#w
#who
#users
#whoami press enter ---It will show where are
we logged in.
#uptime
press enter ---It will show the uptime of the machine.
#mv (source address) (destination address)
press enter ---It will move file from one folder to another.
Example:
#mv (filename) /root (file will move to root
folder)
#cp (source address) (destination address)
press enter ---It will copy the file.
Example:
#cp (filename) /root
#cp –r (source address) (destination address)
press enter ---To copy the Folder.
#cp –rv (source address) (destination
address) press enter ---To copy the Folder and to see what is coping.
#vi (filename) press enter ---To modify and
create file.
Press (i) to insert text.
Press (esc) to stop writing.
:wq ---For quit.
:q! ---for force quit without save.
#vim (filename) press enter ---To modify and
create file.
#nano (filename) press enter ---To modify and
create file.
#gedit (filename) press enter ---To modify
and create file.
#vim /etc/motd press enter ---For welcome
note.
#fdisk –l press enter ---To see partition of
disk.
#cat /proc/partitions press enter ---To see
partition.
#df –h press enter ---To check the partition.
#du –h (folder name) press enter ---To see
the content of folder.
#cat /proc/cpuinfo press enter ---To check
CPU information.
#cat /proc/meminfo press enter ---To check
memory information.
#free –m press enter ---To check memory.
#uname press enter ---It will show the Linux.
#uname –r press enter ---It will show the
Kernel version.
#uname –a press enter ---It will show the
complete configuration.
#grep (anyword) (filename) press enter ---Its
will find anyword from the file.
#find (filename) press enter ---It will show
the format of the file.
#ifconfig press enter ---It will show the ip
address.
#system-config-network press enter ---To
configure the Network setting.
Device config press enter
Select eth0 press enter and save it.
Select Network configuration page and type Ip
address.
#ifup eth0 press enter ---It will activate
the LAN card.
#vim
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 press enter ---It will open the LAN
config file.
