Linux Basic Commands

 

Basic Commands

# cat > (filename) press enter   --- It will create file.

After pressing enter, type text, press enter

Now press Ctrl +D to save and quit.

# cat (filename) press enter    --- It will show contents of file.

#touch (filename) press enter  --- It will create Empty file.

#mkdir (foldername) press enter --- It will create Folder.

#ls press enter ---show the list of file and folders.

Black color =Normal file

Blue color =Folder name

Green color =Executable file(Script)

Red color =zip, compress files, .rpm (Redhat package manager)

#ls –l press enter --- It shows files and folders with detail.

#rm (filename) press enter ---To remove file.

#rm –f(filename) press enter ---To remove file forcefully.

#rmdir (foldername) press enter ---To remove the Empty Folder.

#rm –r (foldername) press enter ---To remove folder.

#rm –rf (foldername) press enter ---To remove folder forcefully.

#date press enter ---To show date.

#cal (year) press enter ---It will show the year calendar.

#touch .(filename) press enter ---It will hide the file.

#ls –a press enter ---It will show hidden files.

#ls –al press enter ---It will show list of hidden files.

#mv (old filename) (new filename) press enter  ---It will change the file name.

#mv . old filename) (new filename) press enter  ---It will unhide and change the name of file.

#cd (filename) press enter  ---To go into any folder or file.

#cd .. press enter ---To come out of Folder.

#cd press enter ---It will Directly to root directory.

#Clear or #reset press enter ---It will clear the desktop screen.

#history press enter ---To check commands which were run, up to 1000 commands.

#!! Press enter ---To repeat last line.

#!(history  command number) press enter ---It will run the command from history.

#history –c press enter ---It will clear history.

#man command name like

#man ls press enter or #info ls press enter ---It will show help option for ls command.

#whatis ls press enter --- It will show help option for ls command

#history | less press enter ---To see history page by page.

#head (filename) press enter ---It will show top 10 lines.

#head –n 2 (filename) press enter ---It shows top 2 lines.

#tail (filename) press enter ---It will shows last 10 lines.

#tail –n 2 (filename) press enter ---It will show last 2 lines. 

#wc (filename) press enter ---It will show number of lines, words and character in file.

#wc –l (filename) press enter ---It will shows number of linen in file.

#wc –w (filename) press enter ---It will show number of words in file.

#wc –c (filename) press enter ---It will show number of character in file.

#chvt 2,3,4,5,6 press enter ---It will open the new terminal.

#tty press enter ---To check in which terminal we are in.

Reboot commands:

#reboot

#reboot –f

#Init 6

#shutdown –r now

Poweroff Commands:

#poweroff

#poweroff –f

#init 0

#shutdown –n now

If we have install the basic server and we want the GUI interface so, we have run the following commands:

#startx

#gdm

#init 5

To check how many users are logged in.

#w

#who

#users

#whoami press enter ---It will show where are we logged in.

#uptime  press enter ---It will show the uptime of the machine.

#mv (source address) (destination address) press enter ---It will move file from one folder to another.

Example:

#mv (filename) /root (file will move to root folder)

#cp (source address) (destination address) press enter ---It will copy the file.

Example:

#cp (filename) /root

#cp –r (source address) (destination address) press enter ---To copy the Folder.

#cp –rv (source address) (destination address) press enter ---To copy the Folder and to see what is coping.

#vi (filename) press enter ---To modify and create file.

Press (i) to insert text.

Press (esc) to stop writing.

:wq ---For quit.

:q! ---for force quit without save.

#vim (filename) press enter ---To modify and create file.

#nano (filename) press enter ---To modify and create file.

#gedit (filename) press enter ---To modify and create file.

#vim /etc/motd press enter ---For welcome note.

#fdisk –l press enter ---To see partition of disk.

#cat /proc/partitions press enter ---To see partition.

#df –h press enter ---To check the partition.

#du –h (folder name) press enter ---To see the content of folder.

#cat /proc/cpuinfo press enter ---To check CPU information.

#cat /proc/meminfo press enter ---To check memory information.

#free –m press enter ---To check memory.

#uname press enter ---It will show the Linux.

#uname –r press enter ---It will show the Kernel version.

#uname –a press enter ---It will show the complete configuration.

#grep (anyword) (filename) press enter ---Its will find anyword from the file.

#find (filename) press enter ---It will show the format of the file.

#ifconfig press enter ---It will show the ip address.

#system-config-network press enter ---To configure the Network setting.

Device config press enter

Select eth0 press enter and save it.

Select Network configuration page and type Ip address.

#ifup eth0 press enter ---It will activate the LAN card.

#vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 press enter ---It will open the LAN config file.